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- BOOKS, Page 89In Memoriam
-
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- ONE, BY ONE, BY ONE: FACING THE HOLOCAUST
- by Judith Miller
- Simon & Schuster; 319 pages; $21.95
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- Judith Miller's challenging thesis is that many countries
- remember the Holocaust in different ways, and from these
- different perceptions come different distortions of what the
- Holocaust actually was. A veteran reporter and editor for the
- New York Times, Miller pursues her thesis over a lot of
- familiar terrain -- the Barbie trial, the Waldheim election --
- but when she ventures off the beaten track, which she does
- fairly often, she discovers some very interesting things. Like
- the fact that the Dutch government still pays a pension of
- about $11,000 a year to the widow of the country's deputy Nazi
- leader during the German Occupation, and that she
- unrepentantly spends part of the money to distribute neo-Nazi
- propaganda. Or that the monument the Soviets reluctantly built
- at Babi Yar is actually half a mile away from the ravine where
- thousands of Jews were slaughtered, and that in the process of
- building the monument the Soviets bulldozed Kiev's main Jewish
- cemetery.
-
- Miller explores the collective memories of six countries and
- finds them all in various ways deceptive. The West Germans have
- made some amends, but they have forgotten too much; the
- Austrians deny they were Hitler's willing accomplices; the
- Dutch idolize Anne Frank but overlook the fact that she was
- betrayed by one of the many Dutch collaborators; the French
- cherish the myth of the heroic Resistance but began mistreating
- Jews well before the Nazis asked them to do so; the Soviets
- steadfastly denigrate the Jewishness of most Holocaust victims;
- and all too many Americans are turning memories of the Holocaust
- into a vulgar fund-raising carnival.
-
- All of that is more or less true, but there are some strange
- gaps in Miller's indictment. One is Poland, where most of the
- victims lived and most of the killing actually occurred, and
- where the poison of anti-Semitism was still visible last year
- in Jozef Cardinal Glemp's resistance to the removal of a
- Carmelite installation at Auschwitz. The other is Israel, which
- probably would not exist but for the Holocaust and which still
- tends to cite the 6 million dead as justification for whatever
- actions it undertakes.
-
- Strangest of all, while Miller devotes most of her chapters
- mainly to Gentile distortions and evasions, she writes about
- American reactions as though the Holocaust were purely a Jewish
- question. "While it is now evident that the United States did
- not do enough to prevent the genocide in Europe . . . the
- Holocaust is not an American experience," she claims.
- "Americans did not do it, nor were they its targets or
- victims." But it was President Roosevelt who did nothing to
- increase the immigration quotas, and the State Department that
- refused to fill even those narrow quotas, and the U.S. Congress
- that rejected a measure to allow in 20,000 children. And when
- Jewish leaders pleaded for Allied bombers to knock out the
- railroad lines to Auschwitz, Assistant Secretary of War John
- J. McCloy responded, "I am very chary of getting the army
- involved in this."
-
- No, whenever we examine those terrible years, we do not find
- very many people with clean hands. But what does Miller's
- subtitle Facing the Holocaust actually mean? What are we asking
- when we demand that people "confront" or "deal with" such a
- disaster? The Holocaust certainly can and should be studied,
- analyzed, remembered, but memory is of rather limited value.
- Even after all that has been said about it, in anger or in
- sorrow, the Holocaust cannot really be understood -- or
- expiated.
-
-
- By Otto Friedrich.
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